Problem Areas of FEMA - 1038 Words

Some of the problem areas of FEMA in relation to the disasters that have occurred in the last decade in the US are: †¢ â€Å"DOD, FEMA, and the state of Louisiana had difficulty coordinating with each other, which slowed the response† . †¢ â€Å"DOD/DHS coordination was not effective during Hurricane Katrina† . †¢ There is a question of turf amongst officials . With interdepartmental rivalry hurting the cause of prompt disaster relief. †¢ â€Å"FEMA management lacked situational awareness of existing requirements and of resources in the supply chain. An overwhelmed logistics system made it challenging to get supplies, equipment, and personnel where and when needed† . †¢ FEMA has issues regarding logistics provisioning and the availability of trained staff for procurement of logistic requirements . †¢ â€Å"The Homeland Security Operations Center failed to provide valuable situational information to the White House and key operational officials during the disaster†. †¢ â€Å"Despite extensive preparedness initiatives, DHS was not prepared to respond to the catastrophic effects of Hurricane Katrina†. †¢ â€Å"A lack of personnel, training, and funding also weakened command and control†. †¢ â€Å"Ineffective command and control delayed many relief efforts†. †¢ The Secretary Department of Homeland Security should have designated the Principal Federal Official on Saturday, two days prior to landfall, from the roster of PFOs who had successfully completed the required training, unlike then FEMA Director Michael Brown.Show MoreRelatedFederalism Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesPart One: The Storm The Storm: Chaos and Tragedy:   Answer the following questions as you view the PBS video excerpt Chaos and Tragedy. According to Frontline, what problems were caused by the following groups: The Local and state officials? Fail to plan The U.S. military? Waited too long FEMA? Poorly led The Government? Indifferent to victims who were poor and black Why was the Louisiana National Guard unable to help? 300 soldiers were trapped inside headquartersRead MoreHurricane Response820 Words   |  3 Pagesimagine for a moment the condition of one who is, following a major weather-related disaster, homeless, wet, cold, hungry, tired, hungry and scared having lost possessions and nearly ones life. Upon applying for assistance from FEMA, those applying are instructed to access FEMA online for assistance. Consider that there is no power and will not be for days and possibly weeks and even if there were, one cannot return home to use their computer because it is flooded or washed away by the sea. This isRead MoreThe Hurricane Devastation Of Louisiana1484 Words   |  6 Pagesthey would remember for the rest of their lives. The impact of this storm to the people of Louisiana was felt by more than just their wallets, but by the touching and emotional tails of the residents who had the unique experience of living in the area as the worst of the storm hit. Animals, infants, children, newly weds, tourists, and the elderly were all affected by the Natural Disaster that was Hurricane Katrina as it hit New Orleans in August of 2005. Roy Calibrisi, who was 83 at the time ofRead MoreThe Creation Of Fema And The Federal Emergency Management Agency ( Fema )1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe Creation of FEMA started out as a beautiful theory. Before FEMA we had an Acts constructed to make the situation better but FEMA was constructed to assistance the situations first hand so that the American people were catered to at a quicker response and in a manner that was assessed for safety situations. â€Å"On April 1, 1979, President Jimmy Carter signed the executive order that created the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). From day one, FEMA has remained committed to protecting andRead MoreThe Natural Disaster Of Hurricane Katrina817 Words   |  4 Pagesfamiliar with the south and particular New Orleans area is that it is a predominantly African-American area. â€Å"Before the storm, the city’s population was mostly black (about 67 percent); moreover, nearly 30 percent of its people lived in poverty. Katrina exacerbated these conditions, and left many of New Orleans’s poorest citizens even more vulnerable than they had been before the storm† (History,2009). This quote just gives one the racial makeup of the area in which Hurricane Katrina hit. In additionRead MoreOperation FEMA Camps Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesOperation FEMA Camps On October 1, 2013 Obama had signed a law passing the Obama Care to help people with healthcare, but in fact forced the government to shut down and eliminate food share to help pay for the Obama care. Due to the fact that many people rely on the government’s food share to help them survive, thousands of people were declined from Obama care and therefore had no healthcare and no food to help them survive. The Government shutdown is the beginning of Homeland security’s â€Å"ENDGAME†Read MoreThe Storm Of The Hurricane Katrina1193 Words   |  5 Pagespeople were in desperate need of food, water, shelter, and seek medical help too. 38 hours of communication was none existed, it wasn’t the real help they first needed. FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) did posted communication system but not often, the lack of communication made the crisis even worse. A year earlier FEMA under Brown control sponsor Hurricane Pam for the purposed of Hurricane Katrina. The purpose of the Hurricane Pam exercise was to be prepare for the real Hurricane. CountlessRead MoreDisaster Management Organization1042 Words   |  4 Pagesrequirements for disaster management, the stage is now set for pitch the problem against the requirement i.e. to observe whether existing disaster management organizations are upto the scratch as far as fulfilling their roles is concerned or are there any organizational issues which if resolved would improve disaster management. We shall be studying a few organizations in this regard. U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) FEMA was established under the 1978 Reorganization Plan No. 3, and activatedRead MoreFault For The Recovery Efforts Of Hurricane Katrina1511 Words   |  7 Pagestowards FEMA. In fact, most experts in the hurricane field knew a storm the size of Katrina would absolutely decimate the city of New Orleans. The levee system was the primary failure point as mention by The Times-Picayune (2002), â€Å"another scenario is that some part of the levee would fail†. These levees, combined with the geographical properties of the city itself, are faults, which clearly were out of FEMAs control. Yet FEMA is still the blame winner, and the reasoning, is actually not FEMAs faultRead MoreAn Examination of Emergency Management Planning, Procedures, and Analysis of the 9/11 Scenario1408 Words   |  6 Pagesminimizing their effects. (ALN Magazine, 2012, p.1) This phase of emergency response is one that guards from problems occurring or limiting the severity of those problems. It is reporte d that used are engineering-type solutions to address vulnerabilities identified through the planning process. Examples might include an emergency generator to power critical equipment, secure storage area for food and water, portable heaters or air conditioners, flood control and even protection of computer based

Key Elements For Commit Fraud - 1673 Words

Elements There are five elements needed to commit fraud: (1) a false statement containing material fact, (2) the defendant possesses the knowledge that the statement is untrue, (3) the false statement’s intent is to deceive the intended victim, (4) the intended victim justifiably relies on the statement, and (5) the ending result is financial injuries to the intended victim. All false statements do not constitute for fraud; it needs to contain a material fact. The materiality of the statement induces the intended victim to agree to something with the defendant. Statements of belief (puffing) are not considered fraudulent since there are no legitimate statement of fact. For example, Joe goes to buy a car and the dealer says the Prius†¦show more content†¦Corporate governances work as a principal catalyst for stakeholders to raise corporate awareness and expectations regarding appropriate behavior and practices. Stakeholders use their fraud knowledge to contribute to the c ompany’s Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics for management and employees as well as participate in risk mitigation efforts. Stakeholders can also participate in boards that create programs that focus on the prevention, detection, and deterrence of criminal and fraudulent acts. The goal of the programs is to ensure that everyone is making the right decisions in the workplace (Managing the Business Risk of Fraud: A Practical Guide n.d.) Theories of Crime Causations There are three theories of crime causations: (1) the strain theory, (2) the control theory, and (3) the social learning theory. However, there are also biological causation of crimes which are further broken down into psychological, economic, and political theories. Understanding the sociological causes of why fraud is committed helps fraud investigators identify perpetrators and the crime. Sociological theories enable fraud investigators to learn how a white-collar criminal’s social environment impacts his or her desire to commit a crime. Each theory focuses on the common social environments like family, workplace, and community, but they are also very different. They eachShow MoreRelatedFinancial Fraud, And Identification Of The Different Fraud Types1734 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of fraud, in order to aid understanding in regards to the prevention of fraudulent activity. This paper begins with a review of the definition of financial fraud, and identification of the different fraud types. Further, included is an examination of what motivates individuals to commit fraud, including an identification of some of the method in which people commit fraud. A discussion of the importance of the fraud triangle, and how rationalization contributes to fraud is a key area of focusRead MoreOrganizations Can Easily be Taken Advantage of by the Fraud Triangle784 Words   |  4 Pagesclients and break the law. The best example can be illustrated in the fraud triangle which gives more explanation of why people commit fraud. The fraud triangle is divided into three parts which are the followings: Perceived Opportunity, Pressure, and Rationalization. According to Cressey, the most important part of the fraud triangle is pressure which is known as perceived non-shareable financial need. A person commits a fraud because he or she might have some financial pressure in their familyRead MoreThe Corruption Of The Fraud Triangle1640 Words   |  7 Pageslikel ihood of fraud increases when the three elements of the fraud triangle come together. Analyze how the three elements of the fraud triangle are important and how all three elements were present in Helen’s case. The three elements of the fraud triangle are Motivation or Pressure, Opportunity and Rationalization. After reading the case, it was revealed that all of the three elements are present the Helen’s fraudulent activities. Motivation: This is a reason for why the fraudsters commit frauds. It providesRead MoreFraud Triangle And Red Flags1485 Words   |  6 PagesOption #1 - Fraud Triangle and Red Flags Plutonium entered the Internet start-up boom in 1988. It experienced rapid growth that resulted in a haphazard information technology (IT) system in which pieces of technology were implemented quickly leaving poor integration and data integrity. To strengthen data integrity and create an integrated IT system, the organization installed a billing system, Gateway, which required testing utilizing an imitation yet live credit card number to test the softwareRead MoreFinancial Statement Fraud : A Perfect Fraud Storm1304 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial statement fraud is something that has become more commonplace than it should be. Many different events will often lead up to a rash of companies participating in financial statement fraud. Between the year 2000 and 2002 there were a number of factors that led to what appeared to be a perfect fraud storm according to our text (Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman, 2012). Nine of those will be looked at here. It will also be discuss ed as to what some of the common ways financialRead MoreFraud Risk Assessment1083 Words   |  5 Pages | Fraud Risk Assessment | | Fraud Risk Assessment | Fraud risk assessment is a process intended at proactively identifying and addressing an organization’s vulnerabilities to internal and external fraud. The fraud risk assessment is more of an art than a science. Every organization is different therefore what gets evaluated and what is assessed depends on the organization. Fraud risk assessments are an ongoing, continuous process rather than just an activity. A fraud risk assessmentRead MoreMACC program1548 Words   |  7 Pagesand help ensure that plan information is complete and accurate, financial statements are reliable, and that the plan complies with laws and regulations. Part 2: The Plot Thickens 1) At what point should the Internal Audit Department suspect a fraud? What actions should be considered to ensure that professional auditing standards are met? Whom does the Internal Audit Department need to inform? When doing audit, the auditors should have a professional skepticism on each transaction. In the caseRead More‚Äà ²Marxism Is No Longer Relevant to Our Understanding of Crime Deviance in Society‚Äà ´1269 Words   |  6 Pagesdole fraud are 14,000 annually and cost the British economy  £500 Million, while tax fraud costs  £5 billion to the economy, but annually there are only 20 prosecutions. It could be argued that tax fraud is much more profitable than dole fraud; however, Marxist’s would argue tax fraud is a White-Collar crime and therefore performed mostly by the upper class that have the power and money to either have their ‘crimes’ go undetected or can afford a top defence to help them ‘get off’ the tax fraud chargeRead MoreThe North Face, Inc Case Essays665 Words   |  3 Pagesrevenue until the revenue has occurred. Barter transaction is the transaction that a company receives trade credits in exchange for merchandi ses, it should be recorded at the fair value of the merchandise given up. Though the exchange value of this element is recognized, the fair value on the excess merchandise that was sold to the barter company was clearly questionable. And a large portion of the 9.3 millions dollars that was recorded for the consignment sales was improper because it violated SFASRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ACC/561 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Following a number of discovered fraud scandals committed by well-known corporations and in order to restore public confidence in the stock market and trading of securities, the United States congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the year 2002. As a result of the act endorsement by the New York Stock Exchange and the Securities and Exchange Commission, among many other national overseeing committees, a number of rules and regulations

Nursing image analysis Free Essays

When answering the question whose image in the world literature, movies or TV is the most popular there are no many people whom the image of the nurse would occur to. The image of the nurse is, generally, referred to so-called secondary characters. Their activities aren’t so well-seen as, for example, policeman or physician’s ones. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing image analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now A nurse accomplishes with another kind of work in the course of which she is suggested to help someone, to be a support for patients, a right hand for physicians. That is a kind of profession not very popular one but everyone can have needs of. A wide range of books, movies, TV programs have created various interpretations of the nurse’s images. It would be interesting to distinguish the most general and common traits of their character. In order to learn the relationships between nurses and other characters, for example, physicians whether who of them takes control of the whole situation that’s enough to look through a movie or read over any scene which nurse takes place in. Nurse is almost always silent. Her or his activities are rather reduced and consist in a noiseless accomplishment of his/her duties. A physician who is suggested to be more educated and responsible always directs the situation and a nurse is practically always a subordinate person. But speaking about understanding of the patient’s needs the situation can be different. The physician gets opinion as to the patient’s needs according to his knowledge and professional experiences. A nurse understands patient’s requirements basing on her/his     first-hand and continuous communication with this patient. Here takes place mutual immediate understanding between nurse and patient which is not less important for the latest than the physician’s interference. Regarding being nurse a man or woman the answer is clear. Being a nurse is always associated with being a woman. Due to its natural traits women are more open-hearted and compassionate than men. Therefore, the profession of the nurse matches women much more than men. Though, exceptions are present here too. For example, non-stereotypical Philadelphia nurse Keynan Hobbs has won the Soap Nurse Sweepstakes for supplying the most examples of non-stereotypical soap opera mail-nurse characters. From being a woman a lot of accompanying factors appear here, e.g. age, sexual attractiveness and so on. It’s very hard to determine the average nurse’s age. They appear as young, mature and old as well. To make some difference, a nurse is represented often as a middle-aged woman whose marital status isn’t an important point. Though nurses are often lonely this detail isn’t usually very well highlighted in order to make the image free for other author’s objects. As to the characteristics of a nurse as a woman it must be said that the usage of the nurse’s image in the world wide sex industry is a very efficient one. Attractive girls in white smocks are very popular among men and there is nothing denying it. The appealing to the physical characteristics is only expressed here. But speaking about common nurse’s character out of sexual motives she is, generally, an attractive girl or woman as she has to cause positive traits in patient’s mind. As it was already mentioned the image of the nurse is first of all a secondary one. Referring this personage, from the numerous movies with nurse’s participation, the spectator, basically, remembers only white smock and tray with medicines. Of course, there are exclusions when the image of the nurse expands and the author makes a nurse its protagonist providing her with all the armory of positive or negative traits. But to say truth, nurses are depicted as negative characters only in cheap thrillers. The classical nurse personages are beneficent and warm-hearted. The profession of nears means love and understanding. Their personal traits are more than normal and socially-accepted. The colorful example of â€Å"The English Patient† by Anthony Minghella proves that. A French-Canadian nurse, Hana, has gathered in herself all those features so characteristic for the image of the nurse. Michael Ondaatje (1996): â€Å"She reads to her patient, but is not sure whether or not he listens. The nurse spends much of her time gardening, growing enough vegetables for them to eat, to trade a little, and to survive. They inhabit a bombed-out villa. In many parts, rain falls freely into the house. The German army had occupied the house and has left mines throughout. The nurse knows these dangers but does not pay much attention to them. She is only twenty years old and enjoys sleeping in the library, with its view of the night sky.†(n.p.).That’s one of the classical images of the nurse in the world art. The values nurse’s image usually provides are and must be classified as human and sympathizer and condolatory. Of course, we aren’t to forget about the classical situation from the movies and detective stories when using a nurse to kill someone being in a hospital as a result of criminal affairs. Lately, a great deal of thrillers and other similar products can boast with the creation of the new image of a nurse-killer. But that’s not enough to state this image as one of the significant. Concerning the career ambitions the profession of a nurse isn’t a convenient one to be discussed here. Actually, the career of a nurse doesn’t provide a colorful perspective. Due to this a nurse is suggested to be an altruist person. For the majority of nurses portrayed anywhere the career isn’t a focus of effort. They are rather devoting themselves to a good professional accomplishment of their obligations. And that’s one of the main particularities that differs nurses form the rest of personages. She is a typical background personage and ambitions about career aren’t characteristic for her. The above mentioned characteristics are proper of the majority of the described nurse’s images. Of course, human fantasy have created a lot of different versions of this character all over its history but those above are the most common traits as to the nurse.   Taking into consideration all mentioned above, it’s necessary to make a conclusion that the nurse’s image in the modern art is, primarily, a secondary one with rather vivaciously expressed positive traits. This image has changed a little all over the times due to its constant and well-aimed character. The image of a kind, easygoing woman in white smock promises to keep on appearing in masterpieces of the future art. Bibliography. 1.   Ondaatje, M. (1996).The English Patient. SparkNotes, Today’s most popular study guides from BarnesNoble , chapter 1. Retrieved September 25, 2005, from    http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/englishpatient/section1.html How to cite Nursing image analysis, Essay examples

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. Answer: Introduction The control of food intake in humans is a very complicated process. Hunger as well as satiety are being affected by different physiological factors and process, each of which has salient features of its own. The hypothalamus has two distinct centers which act during the regulation of food intake. A feeding center that is tonically active and a satiety center that inhibits the feeding center thereby stopping food intake. Signals from these centers results in the changes in feeding habits of an animal and creates their sensation of hunger or fullness management (Soria-Gmez et al., 2014). The glucostatic theory suggests that if the glucose level is high it inhibits the feeding center by not suppressing the satiety center and as a result the animal loses its desire to eat. When blood glucose level decreases due to excess of insulin the satiety center is suppressed and as a result the feeding center gets activated and hence the animal senses hunger or has the desire to eat. Hence in case of a diabetic patient whose glucose level is already high that person will have less desire to eat. The lipostatic theory is another theory that states that the bodies eating behavior is dependent on the amount of fat present in the body. The body usually tries to balance its eating behavior by modulating the brain so that it can maintain a certain amount of body weight. If the fat storage increases then eating decreases and vice versa. Obesity is the result when this mechanism gets hampered. A hormone called leptin is also responsible for maintaining the body weight of an animal. It is secreted from adipocytes and acts as a messenger between the adipose tissue and the brain. This protein is produced under the control of the gene obese (ob). It has been found that the animals lacking the gene leptin as well as animals having a defective leptin gene tends to become obese (Hall, 2015). Nucleus tractus solitaries (NTS) management are a group of sensory nuclei which form a column of grey matter which is embedded into the medulla oblongata. One of the main functions of it is that it provides the sensation of taste from the facial nerve as it makes up around two third portion of the anterior part of our tongue. If it is active more then it increases the food intake whereas if it is damaged or less active then the person loses the desire to eat as the food seems tasteless. The hormone ghrelin is produced from stomach when the feeding center is active and this hormone is responsible for the sensation of hunger. When the satiety center is active it stops the synthesis of this hormone which results in loss of appetite and the desire to eat. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a peptide which is composed of around thirty six amino acids which acts between the autonomic nervous system and the brain as a neurotransmitter. It is mainly acts as a vasoconstrictor and also helps in the buildup of fat tissue in the abdominal region. It also interferes with the production of leptin and makes the gene mutated at high concentrations which in turn results in excess food intake by the organism and results in obesity. Melanocortins are group of peptides which are released from the pituitary gland that acts as receptors for various corticotropin hormones. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a forty one amino acid peptide which is involved in stress response. It is released from the hypothalamus and excess of CRH results in lowering of the NPY peptide and hence reduces the food intake by the organism (Rizzo, 2015). Peptide YY (PYY) or peptide tyrosine-tyrosine is present in humans management. It is made up of thirty-six amino acids and is secreted from the ileum and colon in response to feeding. PYY secretion inhibits feeding which is an antagonist to the function of ghrelin which induces feeding by the sensation of hunger. Obese people become resistant to leptin and tend to have less amount of PYY in their body (Crespo et al., 2014). Orexin builds the desire to eat food, and associates with the capacity of the substances that increases its production. Orexin is likewise appeared to increase the size of the meal by the suppression of postingestive feedback. They are inhibited by the action of leptin and becomes active by the action of ghrelin and hypoglycaemia (Sherwood, 2015). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is indicated that the sensation of hunger and satiety is not dependent only on one or two factors but is a complex mechanism where various factors play a crucial role. Each of these mechanisms is interlinked and function in collaboration to maintain the balance of food intake as required by an individual. References Crespo, C. S., Cachero, A. P., Jimnez, L. P., Barrios, V., Ferreiro, E. A. (2014). Peptides and food intake.Frontiers in endocrinology,5. Hall, J. E. (2015).Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Rizzo, D. C. (2015).Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology. Cengage Learning. Sherwood, L. (2015).Human physiology: from cells to systems. Cengage learning. Soria-Gmez, E., Bellocchio, L., Reguero, L., Lepousez, G., Martin, C., Bendahmane, M., ... Wiesner, T. (2014). The endocannabinoid system controls food intake via olfactory processes.Nature neuroscience,17(3), 407-415.

Colonial Effect on Native Americans free essay sample

During the colonial era European emigrants had a dramatic influence on the native people living on the North American continent. Previous to the arrival of the colonists the native people had enjoyed their own culture, customs and way of life. Many lived in smaller settlements spread far apart across the American continents. In their culture the men hunted for game while the women played the role of farmers. The men in comparison to the English aristocracy worked harder and the women could own land. Personal possessions were limited to only what could be carried due to a nomadic lifestyle. Throughout the hundreds of years that the native people had been around they had become accustomed to their lifestyle; however that was all about to change. Making the journey across the ocean was not just the Europeans but their own unique culture that was shockingly different from that of the natives. According to European Christian views man was given by god, the right to rule over everything in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Colonial Effect on Native Americans or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This right, to the settlers, also included the Indians because the bible says nothing about them. To the settlers the Indians were obviously subpar and therefore could be dealt with however they pleased. Christian and Amerindian views are so unrelated that they are hardly comparable. To the Indian Christians worshipped their deity by eating him instead of making sacrifices to him. While to the Christians the Aztecs seemed to be devil worshippers who engaged in cannibalism, human sacrifice had skull racks and decorated their temples with snake motifs. Because of their â€Å"god given dominance† the settlers believed that they could force upon the Indians the Christian religion. The the action of forcing upon the Indians Christianity caused a substantial social and cultural upheaval. In European culture the men would farm, hunt and gather to provide for the family and when the settlers arrived in the Americas they proceeded to force the Indians to change their way of life. To the Indians farming was for the women and therefore to be forced to farm by the settlers made the Indians feel that they had been reduced in status. Many battles were fought by the settlers against the Indians because the Indians did not want to change their lifestyle. Many Indians and settlers alike died fighting each other when if the English and Spanish had just let the Indians alone there would have been no bloodshed. The Indians used guerilla style warfare to attack the settlers by killing women and children, burning crops and destroying villages. The English had finally had enough, and decided to wage war with the Amerindians. The native inhabitants of America felt great change in their lives as the settlers arrived because the settlers imposed on them their culture and religious views. They treated the Indians like dogs and made them work as slaves for the â€Å"dominant† white race. So in all, the time of the English and Spanish colonization native inhabitants watched as their lives were turned upside down.

Life Changing Event - How to Deal With It

Life Changing Event - How to Deal With ItLife changing events can cause a lot of stress to individuals who are facing this kind of life altering event. These events are devastating for the mind and emotions of the people involved.Living with the aftermath of this kind of event is something most people would find hard to deal with. There is a need to look at the whole story and figure out what was the cause behind the tragedy and how this event has affected the other people. There are some steps that can be taken by people who are experiencing a change in their lives and are looking for some advice to understand the whole story.When you talk about this kind of event it is like a curse for most people who have been caught up in the event. It is one thing when people suffer from a single event but for a lot of people, the event changes their lives completely. It may be one day or four months later, the same person who experienced a trauma from a one day's event may find his entire life ruined. The one common denominator of all such events is that the people who experience them are helpless and cannot think straight.It can be said that once someone experiences such a kind of event, the only thing that can be done is to learn from the experience and to improve on your critical thinking skills. Once people get used to thinking in a certain way, they will always remember the same kind of thinking which can lead to some disastrous results.The events of the event must be analyzed carefully to determine whether these were the result of your own ignorance or the way you handled the situation. A wise man knows the importance of preparing oneself and that is why he does not react to the first shock and does not panic even when he is about to lose everything. This is because he knows that a person who is not aware of his surroundings can never be successful in every move he takes.This is why you should learn the importance of developing your critical thinking skills and spen ding some time to analyze things in detail. Being prepared is the best antidote to all events which can easily wreck a person's confidence.If you are not able to face such an event, there is no need to fret about it. The whole story can be relayed to a trusted person who can act as your mediator so that you do not face any heart break. In this way, you can also come to know what you really have to deal with in the event.

Finc2011 Major Assignment Essay Essay Example

Finc2011 Major Assignment Essay Paper Executive sum-upFrank winfield woolworths Limited ( WOW ) . which is one of the listed companies in Australian Security Exchange ( ASX ) ( ASX 200 ) . is the largest supermarket in Australia ( Kruger 2013 ) . it specializes in the food markets. nutrient and retailing ( WOOLWORTHS LIMITED ( WOW ) 2013 ) . The purpose of this study is to gauge and find the dividend growing rate. stock return and current portion monetary value of Woolworths. Methods used for the appraisal include dividend growing theoretical account. Capital Asset Pricing Model ( CAPM ) and Gordon’s Growth Model. The consequences of the appraisal indicate that the dividend payments will continuous increasing in the hereafter. the return on the company’s assets is sensible and its portion monetary value is expected to lift. We will write a custom essay sample on Finc2011 Major Assignment Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Finc2011 Major Assignment Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Finc2011 Major Assignment Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In add-on. recommendations associated with the investing determination will be provided to the public investors sing to the hazards in the market by comparing with companies within the same industry. However. there are still a figure of restrictions of the study such as a few premises are made for computations and restrictions due to the difference of hazard free rate. Calculation of Growth Rate:The attack used to gauge the growing rate ( g ) for dividend payments of Woolworths is: g = Ploughback Ratio x Return on Equity ( ROE )Ploughback Ratio = 1 – Payout Ratio In which. payout ratio refers to the ratio of dividends to net incomes per portion ( EPS ) ( Brealey. Myers and Allen 2011 ) . Souce: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. woolworthslimited. com. au/annualreport/2012/pdf/WW_AR12_Full. pdf Based on the figures above. the growing rate ( g ) for the 2012 should be: g = ( 1 – 0. 8528 ) x 0. 2722 = 4. 01 % In order to calculate out a more accurate growing rate. the norm should be taken from 2008 to 2012. As it is shown in the tabular array. the mean g = 7. 68 % . Harmonizing to Woolworth’s one-year study ( 2012 ) . the payout ratio is rather stable. despite there is a sudden addition in 2012 ; hence. we could presume that the dividend payout ratio is changeless. Meanwhile. although Woolworths’ Return on Equity ( ROE ) shows a little lessening from 2008 to 2012. it is still reasonably steady – stopping point to 28 % . Since both of two premises – changeless dividend payout and return on equity – are satisfied ( Mellare 2013 ) . g = Ploughback x ROE is suppose to be an appropriate method to gauge the dividend growing rate for Woolworths. Calculation of needed return utilizing CAPMCapital Asset Pricing Model ( CAPM ) is a method used to mensurate the hazard and return of an plus. which describes that each expected hazard premium of an plus should lift in proportion to its beta ( Brealey. Myers and Allen 2011 ) : In which. Rhode Island refers to the return on plus. releasing factor refers to the hazard free rate of return. beta is the covariance and ( rm-rf ) is the market hazard premium ( Brealey. Myers and Allen 2011 ) . To get down with. hazard free rate ( releasing factor ) should be determined. Generally. 10 old ages authorities bonds rate is considered to be risk free rate as it is normally believed that a authorities would be improbable to default on its duties ( McNickle 2011 ) . However. it does non intend that authorities bonds face no hazards. it still encounter rising prices and involvement rate hazard ( Brealey. Myers and Allen 2011 ) . Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. rba. gov. asu/statistics/tables/xls/f02d. xls? accessed=2013-05-22-21-18-20 Harmonizing to the Capital Market Yields – 10 old ages Government Bonds provided by Reserve Bank of Australia ( 2013 ) . the 10-year authorities bond rates in 21th May 2013 is 3. 26 % . which should be used as the hazard free rate ( releasing factor ) for the computation of CAPM. Beginning:hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ato. gov. au/super/content. aspx? menuid=0 A ; doc=/content/60489. htm A ; page=36 A ; H36 However. those may reason that based on the historical information from Australian Taxation Office ( 2013 ) – the tabular array above. the norm of hazard free rate from 2003 to 2012 is calculated to be 5. 34 % . which should be the hazard free rate for the computation alternatively of 3. 26 % . Nevertheless. since the hazard free rate is ever altering. in order to gauge the return for plus more accurately. the current hazard free rate 3. 26 % is supposed to be taken for the appraisal. In this phase. the hazardous needed return ( rm ) . the same as market return. should be calculated. Stock market index is an attack to measure the value of stock market and S A ; P/ASX 200 is the most important stock market index which tracks the public presentation of two hundred large Australian corporations ( Australia Stock Market ( S A ; P/ASX 200 ) 2013 ) . Currently. S A ; P/ASX 200 is a primary portion market index in Australia which replaced the All Ordinaries in April 2000 and has become the benchmark for investing for the Australian Securities Exchange ( ASX ) ( ASX 200 2013 ) . Therefore. S A ; P/ASX 200 is the best index of the market return and used to find the market return. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //blackboard. econ. usyd. edu. au/bbcswebdav/pid-636137-dt-content-rid-201558_2/courses/FINC2011_SEM1_2013/All % 20Ords % 20Accumulation % 20Indices. forty Based on the information from S A ; P/ASX 200 Accumulation index ( day-to-day ) . which is provided by Mellare ( 2013 ) . the annual index could be calculated by averaging all of the day-to-day indexes for that twelvemonth. Annual market return ( rm ) can be determined by: In which. old market index refers to the index for twelvemonth T and new index is the index for twelvemonth ( t+1 ) . A tabular array for the computation of market return will be created in a similar manner with the S A ; P/ ASX200 tabular array ( see Appendix – 1 ) for the periods of 10old ages in order to follow with ASX. Due to the monetary values in 2013 is non completed. the market return for fiscal twelvemonth ( FY ) 2012 can non be estimated faithfully. Importantly. averaging rm for 10 old ages from FY 2002 to FY 2011 is important for the intent of finding a more accurate figure. As a consequence. rm = 8. 31 % . Because rm is the amount of the hazard free involvement rate ( releasing factor ) and a premium for hazard ( Brealey. Myers and Allen 2011 ) . the hazard premium. as a portion of CAPM equation. can be calculated through: rm = releasing factor + hazard premium hazard premium = rm – releasing factor Based on the old analysis. rf = 3. 26 % and rm = 8. 31 % . hazard premium = 8. 31 % – 3. 26 % = 5. 09 % . Harmonizing to the study from last twelvemonth. the market hazard premium is estimated to be 6. 0 % in October ( Michael. Blake and Zolotic 2012 ) . the estimated value of 5. 09 % is sensible. Harmonizing to the fiscal information from Reuters ( 2013 ) . Woolworths’ beta ( ? ) = 0. 34. Therefore. by using CAPM: Calculation of Following Dividend PaymentThe following dividend payment should be determined by utilizing: In which. d0 is the current dividend payment. d1 is the dividend for the following fiscal twelvemonth and g is the growing rate. Souce: hypertext transfer protocol: //datanalysis. morningstar. com. gold. ezproxy1. library. usyd. edu. au/af/company/dividendhistory? ASXCode=WOW A ; xtm-licensee=dat The tabular array above shows the dividend history of Woolworths ( Morningstar 2013 ) . Since. the entire dividend payment in 2012 is $ 67+59 = $ 126 cents/ $ 1. 26 per portion. which should be d0. and the growing rate is estimated to be 7. 68 % in the old computations. d1 = 1. 26* ( 1+7. 68 % ) = $ 1. 36. which is the entire dividend payment for 2013. As the interim dividend for 2013 has already paid on 26/04/2013. the concluding dividend for 2013 which is the following dividend payment should be: $ 1. 36–0. 62= $ 0. 74 per portion. Determination of Expected Current Share PriceThe changeless divident growing theoretical account. which is Gordon’s Growth Model. is used for gauging the current portion monetary value: In which. P0 refers to the current portion monetary value. d1 is the divident payment for the following twelvemonth. rhenium is the needed rate of return and g is the growing rate. In order to cipher the current monetary value P0. foremost. d1 demand be calculated which should be the dividend for the following twelvemonth – 2014. Hence. d1 = 1. 36* ( 1+7. 68 % ) = $ 1. 46As required rate of return ( rhenium ) consists of both capital additions and dividend outputs ( Mellare 2013 ) and capital additions is the same as g ( Mathis 2001 ) . rhenium = capital additions ( g ) + dividend outputs. Souce: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. woolworthslimited. com. au/annualreport/2012/pdf/WW_AR12_Full. pdf Harmonizing to the historical information from annural study of Woolworth ( 2012 ) . taking the norm of all of the dividend outputs for the last five old ages – from 2008 to 2012. the dividend output = 3. 8808 % . Therefore. rhenium = 7. 68 % + 3. 88 % = 11. 56 % Last. the expected current portion monetary value in 2013 is:P0 = 1. 46/ ( 11. 56 % -7. 68 % ) = $ 37. 63 Recommodation and DiscussionInvesting determinations are rely on the return and hazard associated with a security. Harmonizing to CAPM. actural returns are measured by beta. which is defined as a security’s sencitivity relation to the alterations in the value of the market portfolio ( Brealey. Myers and Allen 2011 ) . over the long tally. Beta of Woolworths Limited is 0. 34 ( Reuters 2013 ) . which is a good mark as it indicates that the company is insensitive to the market hazard. Comparing it with other companies. Wesfarmers Limited ( WES ) . the Perth-based pudding stone which selling nutrient to clients ( Greenblat 2013 ) . has same state of affairs with Woolworths in footings of turning tendency of dividend payment and sharing market hazard as they operates within the same industry – nutrient industriy. Beta of Wesfarmers is 0. 96 ( Reuters 2013 ) . which means that Wesfarmers is more hazardous than Woolworths as it is every bit hazardous as the market porfolio ( Brealey. Myers and Allen 2011 ) . As good. beta of Goodman Fielder ( GFF ) . another nutrient company. is 0. 98 ( Reuters 2013 ) . which means it portions about the same hazard with the market porfolio ( Mellare 2013 ) – realtively in the same state of affairs with Wesfarmers. Therefore. when refering with the hazards. it is recommended to put in Woolworths. However. under CAPM. high-beta securities will ensue in high return: Rhode Island = releasing factor + ?* ( rm – releasing factor )As all of these three companies are in the same market. they portion the same market hazard but the proportion is different based on their beta. Although. securities of Wesfarmers and Goodman Fielder are more hazardous than Frank winfield woolworths due to higher beta. they provide higher return to investors. Since investing determinations are depend on personal involvements ( Mellare 2013 ) . it can non be denied that there are a few investors prefer higher returns with higher hazards. Furthermore. the higher returns compensate investors for higher hazard. hence. it is improbable to find whether invest in Woolworths is a better option. However. puting in Woolworth is still recommended. Investing in low-risk securities provides changeless and stable returns. Investing in Woolworths is worthwhile non merely because Woolworths provides rather changeless returns. but besides its possible to growing due to its strong profitableness and hard currency flows ( WOW – Woolworths Limited 2012 ) . Overall. it is recommended to put in Woolworths. It is of import to detect that there are a figure of restrictions for this study. First. the method used for ciphering dividend growing is based on the premises – changeless dividend payout and return on equity. but in world. both dividend payout and return on equity are improbable to be changeless. Consequently. the computation of g may non be accurate. As good. since the 10-year authorities bond rate. which is considered as hazard free